Use information from your textbook, the Properties of Water video, and Figures 1 and 2 below to respond to the following prompts.
STEP 1: Study Figure 1: Covalent bonds in green versus Hydrogen bonds in blue.
Next, study Figure 2: Demonstrated water property terms for liquid water.
STEP 2: Answer the following prompts:
1. Describe the successful arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen covalent bonds. How are electrons involved in a covalent bond? How does electronegativity influence electron locations in a polar covalent bond? (Consult your textbook section 2.2 if needed)
2. Between which atoms do hydrogen bonds form in water? Describe how the water molecules needed to be placed relative to each other to create successful hydrogen bonds.
3. What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion? How does cohesion contribute to surface tension? What are some ways that cohesion and adhesion can affect living organism?
STEP 3: Explore the interactive activity on hydrogen bonds and temperature, linked above.
A. Compare different temperatures from cold to hot using the the “cool” and “heat” buttons on the lower left. Then, hit the play button in the bottom middle to see how the water molecules move at this temperature. (Use the Slow Motion button if needed.)
B. Investigate the motion of water molecules at other temperatures, and note how the arrangement and movement of water molecules differs in these conditions.
Prompt 4: How does hydrogen bonding change in each of these different temperature conditions? How do hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than water? What are some ways that ice formation and water’s ability to resist temperature changes affect life on earth?
You have visualized covalent and hydrogen bonds in water, but remember there is a third type of chemical bond, which we have not discussed: the ionic bond.
Prompt 5: What is an ion? What ions are present in pure water? How do these ions relate to pH?
Through your textbook reading, video and website resources, you are aware of the important role water plays for living systems. It is therefore important not to waste clean water resources. Visit the website on water conservation and read the suggestions for conserving water.
Prompt 6: Describe one approach to water conservation that you have not encountered or used before.